This simple STM setup utilises a piezoelectric actuator constructed by deliberately cutting a piezo speaker into four quadrants. With individual drive wires attached to the four quadrants.

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Linear Resonant Actuators (LRAs): Deliver precise, localized feedback used in game controllers and smartphones. Electrostatic and Ultrasonic Haptics: Enable touchscreens to simulate different textures ...

The Razer Freyja utilizes six haptic actuators that generate vibrations across the body. The aim is to transfer the feeling of explosions, shots, or movements directly to the body. The cushion can ...

Persistent Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=4543165 ...

Actuators are the input and output devices that connect electronic, hydraulic or pneumatic control systems to their environment. They convert external forces or conditions, such as temperature ...