Polarized proton containing spinning quarks and gluons (represented by right-handed and left-handed spirals). The negative Δg solutions (blue) are disfavored relative to the positive Δg solutions (red ...

The top quark’s extreme mass makes it decay almost immediately after it is produced. “The top and antitop quarks just have ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. The internal structure of a proton, with quarks, gluons, and quark spin ...

Theorists have calculated how quickly a melted soup of quarks and gluons -- the building blocks of protons and neutrons -- transfers its momentum to heavy quarks. The calculation will help explain ...

Scientists seeking to explore the teeming microcosm of quarks and gluons inside protons and neutrons report new data delivered by particles of light. The light particles, or photons, come directly ...

For the first time, quarks and gluons were used to describe properties of atomic nuclei, which until now had been explained by the existence of protons and neutrons. The temporary pair of correlated ...

Researchers have been working for decades to understand the architecture of the subatomic world. One of the knottier questions has been where the proton gets its intrinsic angular momentum, otherwise ...

Holographic QCD employs ideas drawn from string theory and the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the strong coupling regime of quantum chromodynamics, offering a dual gravitational description of quark ...

The three valence quarks of a proton contribute to its spin, but so do the gluons, sea quarks and antiquarks, and orbital angular momentum as well. The electrostatic repulsion and the attractive ...

A new and powerful particle detector just passed a critical test in its goal to decipher the ingredients of the early ...

Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news ...