Researchers have been working for decades to understand the details of where the proton gets its intrinsic angular momentum, ...

T he atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

Nuclear physics research is focused on understanding the matter composed of quarks and gluons, which makes up 99% of the mass of the universe. Most of this matter is found at the core of atoms, the ...

Scientists believe such a substance of free quarks and gluons, the building blocks of protons and neutrons, permeated the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. A new analysis of data ...

That’s because quarks and their counterpart gluons are the small pieces of the puzzle that make up the nucleons in an atom. And the only way to see them is to split open atoms. The problem ...

CU Boulder Professor Jamie Nagle will discuss the quarks and gluons that formed at the Big Bang in his Distinguished Research Lecture Feb. 6 Ten trillion degrees Fahrenheit is unfathomably hot—more ...