Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

Figure 1: Production of single top quarks in proton–antiproton collisions. a , A single top quark ( t ) can be created in the collision of a W boson and a bottom quark ( b ).

In recent years, there have been attempts to describe the inside of a proton using quantum information tools, with partial ...

Nuclear and particle physics are fundamentally puzzled by the distribution of mass in protons. The three valence quarks that make up a proton's core contribute very little to the proton's mass.

It's a twenty-year-old question: how much do the constituent quarks and gluons contribute to the spin of a nucleon? New results from the COMPASS experiment add to the picture. Naively, the proton ...

Scientists have peered inside protons and discovered that quarks and gluons, their fundamental building blocks, experience quantum entanglement. Entangled particles are connected to each other ...

Nuclear scientists used a new theoretical approach to calculate a value essential for unraveling the three-dimensional motion of quarks within a proton. Employing these new tools, scientists ...

A new approach integrates theoretical and experimental studies to better understand the proton's structure, focusing on quarks and gluons bound by quantum chromodynamics (QCD).