*The most common organic causes are highlighted. A detailed history and examination is paramount to help identify rarer causes and guide investigations appropriately.

Correspondence to Dr Stuart Hartshorn, Emergency Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; stuart ...

Correspondence to Dr Jon Dorling, Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, E floor East Block, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; jon.dorling{at}nottingham.ac.uk ...

Performing and interpreting otoscopy is a core clinical skill for any healthcare practitioner who looks after children. However, training and experience can vary hugely, which affects the accuracy of ...

Correspondence to Professor Thillagavathie Pillay, Neonatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, Leicester, UK; tilly.pillay{at}uhl-tr.nhs.uk In the UK, the BCG vaccination ...

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Correspondence to Mrs Elizabeth Rawlence, Department of Pharmacy, Chenye Wing, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK; elizabeth.rawlence ...

Child protection medical assessments (CPMAs) are carried out to seek evidence of abuse or neglect and for this reason many paediatricians find them daunting. In this article we explore how CPMAs ...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in children is a common and challenging disease characterised by frequent misdiagnosis, a variety of treatment protocols and frequent recurrences from latent ...

A parent or carer’s observation of blood in a child’s nappy or underwear can be quite alarming for both parent and child and may indicate vaginal bleeding. At first glance, it may be difficult to ...

Correspondence to Dr Philippa Prentice, Paediatric Endocrinology, The Royal London Hospital, London E1 1FR, UK; philippa.prentice1{at}nhs.net A pubertal assessment is an important part of the clinical ...

Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Foundation trust, Kings Health Partners, London SE1 9RT Correspondence to Dr Charlie Fairhurst, Department ...