2. Plywood Formwork. Resin-bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber frames to make up panels of the required sizes. The cost of plywood formwork compares favorably with that of timber shuttering, ...

Earthen roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads. This type of road is provided for fewer traffic areas or countryside areas. A good drainage system should be provided, which ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute In an era when sustainability has become an important benchmark for forward-thinking buildings, it's inspiring to see how far architecture and design have come in the pursuit ...

There is no unique procedure for computing overall beam depth(h) for design. However, certain guidelines can be followed to compute beam depth such that the deflection requirements can be satisfied.

The points to be kept in view while making selection of DPC materials are briefly discussed below: 1. DPC above ground level. For DPC above ground level with wall thickness generally not exceeding 40 ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The design of a building is not merely an aesthetic concern but is closely tied to the local climate. By understanding the nuances of the climate in their area, architects, ...

During rainy seasons, the danger of water seeping into a structure increases with a rise in the water table. This water enters as seepage or leakage and damages the internal structure due to corrosion ...

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite is a type of material wherein a polymer is reinforced with fibers, falling into the category of composite materials. These materials are formed by dispersing ...

The slenderness ratio of a reinforced concrete (RC) column is the ratio between the length of the column, its lateral dimensions, and end fixity. It assesses the ability of the reinforced concrete ...

There various parts of a retaining wall and design principles of these retaining wall components based on different factors and material and methods of construction are discussed. Any wall that ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute The flow of a liquid through a passage under atmospheric pressure is called an open channel flow. Chezy’s and Manning’s equations are two important formulas used to determine ...

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods, procedures and their applications in strengthening of different types of ...