Studies using purified proteins have revealed that flavins specifically accelerate the enzymatic reduction of iron oxides and electrodes through interaction with the OM protein MtrC, which is a 71-kDa ...

Starbucks Coffee Company, at the height of its success, opened 4.5 new stores every day, and the convenience store chain Seven Eleven opened 6. Interesting questions for these companies to consider ...

The hypothesized role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is rich in dreams, in the formation of new associations, has remained anecdotal. We examined the role of REM on creative problem solving, ...

The response of species to climate change is of increasingly urgent importance. Here, we address the specific changes in climate that were associated with recent population extinctions, using data ...

Intense sunlight is dangerous for photosynthetic organisms. Cyanobacteria, like plants, protect themselves from light-induced stress by dissipating excess absorbed energy as heat. Recently, it was ...

The viruses that caused the three influenza pandemics of the twentieth century in 1918, 1957, and 1968 had distinct hemagglutinin receptor binding glycoproteins that had evolved the capacity to ...